Choosing German universities for MS: the short version
India now sends more students to Germany than any other country: 69,816 in winter 2025/26, according to DAAD figures.[1] With that much competition, the students who get good offers are not the ones who apply to the ten highest-ranked names. They're the ones whose shortlist matches their degree, grade and budget.
Key takeaways
- Admission is programme-by-programme. Each master's sets its own subject requirements, grade rules and tests. Two programmes at the same university can be very different.
- Subject fit comes first. Many programmes list minimum credits in specific subjects; RWTH's M.Sc. Mathematics, for example, asks for at least 24 credits in analysis and 18 in linear algebra.[2]
- 3-year degree (180 ECTS)? Prefer 4-semester (120 ECTS) master's; many 3-semester programmes want 210 ECTS or add a semester.[3][4]
- Mix reach, match and safe: 6–10 programmes, with only 2–3 top-ranked "reach" options.
- Universities of applied sciences (HAWs) are often the smartest choice for job-focused students with average-to-good grades.
- Private universities must be state-recognised and the programme full-time and on campus: the visa requires "a full-time degree programme in presence at a German university".[5]
University, TU, HAW or private: which type suits you?
| Type | What it is | Typical fit for Indian applicants | Tuition (non-EU master's) |
|---|---|---|---|
| University / Technical University (TU) | Research-led, theory-heavy, awards PhDs; includes the TU9 and U15 | Strong grades, research or R&D goals, top employers; very competitive | €0 in most states; €1,500 a semester in Baden-Württemberg; TUM and (from summer 2027) FAU charge more[6][7] |
| University of Applied Sciences (HAW, Hochschule, TH) | Practice-oriented, smaller classes, industry projects and internships | Job-focused students with average-to-good grades; many English-taught master's | Usually €0 at public HAWs (check Baden-Württemberg) |
| Private university (state-recognised) | Fee-charging, mostly business, IT, data, design and hospitality | Students who can pay and want more English-taught options or flexible intakes | For example, SRH: €4,900–8,100 a semester for non-EU master's (2025 fee list)[8] |
TU9 and U15: the two big alliances
- TU9 (leading technical universities): RWTH Aachen, TU Berlin, TU Braunschweig, TU Darmstadt, TU Dresden, Leibniz University Hannover, KIT, TUM and the University of Stuttgart.[9]
- U15 (leading research universities): FU Berlin, HU Berlin, Bonn, Frankfurt, Freiburg, Göttingen, Hamburg, Heidelberg, Cologne, Leipzig, Mainz, LMU Munich, Münster, Tübingen and Würzburg.[10]
Membership signals research strength, not your chances. Treat TU9 and U15 programmes as reach options unless your grade and subject fit are strong.
Universities of applied sciences worth a look
| HAW | Example English-taught master's | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Deggendorf Institute of Technology (TH Deggendorf) | Artificial Intelligence and Data Science M.Sc.; Digital Health M.Sc. | 15 English-taught master's listed[11] |
| TH Ingolstadt | Engineering and Management M.Sc.; Sociotechnical Cybersecurity M.Sc. | 23 English-taught master's listed[12] |
| HAW Hamburg | Information and Communications Engineering M.Sc. (3 semesters) | 180-credit graduates take 30 extra credits (waivable with 6 months' relevant work or a one-semester internship)[4] |
| Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences | Global Logistics M.Sc. | 4-semester version accepts 180 ECTS; 3-semester version needs 210[3] |
Best universities in Germany: the top 20 in the QS World University Rankings 2027
60 German universities are ranked in the QS World University Rankings 2027, published in June 2026. These are the top 20.[13] Use the ranking to understand reputation, not to pick programmes: the "best" university is the one whose programme fits your degree and goals.
| University | City | QS 2027 | Alliance | Non-EU tuition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Technical University of Munich (TUM) | Munich | 25 | TU9 | €4,000 or €6,000 / semester; €4,600 or €6,800 for new students from winter 2027/28[6] |
| LMU Munich | Munich | 61 | U15 | €0 |
| Heidelberg University | Heidelberg | 86 | U15 | €1,500 / semester[14] |
| Freie Universität Berlin | Berlin | =98 | U15 | €0 |
| RWTH Aachen University | Aachen | 104 | TU9 | €0 |
| Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) | Karlsruhe | 110 | TU9 | €1,500 / semester[14] |
| Humboldt University of Berlin | Berlin | =140 | U15 | €0 |
| Technical University of Berlin | Berlin | =158 | TU9 | €0 |
| TU Dresden | Dresden | =185 | TU9 | €0 |
| University of Bonn | Bonn | =209 | U15 | €0 |
| University of Hamburg | Hamburg | =209 | U15 | €0 |
| FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg | Erlangen | =218 | Other | €2,000, €4,000 or €6,000 / semester for new students from summer 2027[7] |
| University of Tübingen | Tübingen | =230 | U15 | €1,500 / semester[14] |
| University of Freiburg | Freiburg | 245 | U15 | €1,500 / semester[14] |
| TU Darmstadt | Darmstadt | 250 | TU9 | €0 |
| University of Göttingen | Göttingen | =261 | U15 | €0 |
| University of Cologne | Cologne | 269 | U15 | €0 |
| University of Stuttgart | Stuttgart | =318 | TU9 | €1,500 / semester[15] |
| University of Münster | Münster | =370 | U15 | €0 |
| Goethe University Frankfurt | Frankfurt | =376 | U15 | €0 |
"€0" means no tuition fee; every public university charges a semester contribution (see the cost of studying in Germany). Next on the list: Ruhr University Bochum (=402), Konstanz and Mannheim (both =425), Würzburg (430) and Leibniz University Hannover (=470).[13]
Best universities in Germany by subject: QS Rankings by Subject 2026
The overall ranking hides big differences between subjects. Heidelberg leads Germany in biology, KIT in chemical engineering and materials, Hohenheim in agriculture. These are the top German universities in each subject, with their world rank, from the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2026 (published 25 March 2026).
| Subject | Top German universities (world rank) | German universities ranked |
|---|---|---|
| Computer science and information systems | TUM 26 · TU Berlin =76 · LMU =91 · KIT 110 · RWTH =114[16] | 33 |
| Data science and AI | TUM =26 · LMU 51–100 · then Tübingen, KIT, RWTH and TU Darmstadt, all 101–200[17] | 6 |
| Mechanical, aeronautical and manufacturing engineering | TUM 19 · RWTH 25 · KIT 32 · TU Berlin =42 · Stuttgart =68[18] | 19 |
| Electrical and electronic engineering | TUM 19 · TU Berlin =44 · KIT 52 · RWTH =53 · TU Dresden =106[19] | 14 |
| Chemical engineering | KIT 25 · TU Berlin =37 · TUM =45 · RWTH =53 · FAU 101–150[20] | 14 |
| Civil and structural engineering | TUM 37 · then KIT, RWTH, TU Berlin and TU Dresden, all 51–100[21] | 9 |
| Materials science | KIT =26 · RWTH 29 · TUM =31 · TU Dresden 35 · TU Berlin =76[22] | 30 |
| Business and management | TUM =91 · Mannheim =104 · WHU (private) =123 · LMU 151–200 · RWTH 251–300[23] | 19 |
| Economics and econometrics | LMU 47 · Bonn 50 · Mannheim =56 · HU Berlin =99 · TUM =139[24] | 32 |
| Biological sciences | Heidelberg 28 · LMU =29 · TUM 55 · Charité Berlin =71 · Tübingen 76[25] | 42 |
| Physics and astronomy | TUM 27 · LMU =39 · Heidelberg =43 · KIT 55 · RWTH =69[26] | 43 |
| Environmental sciences | TUM =68 · KIT =81 · TU Berlin =95 · HU Berlin =102 · RWTH =126[27] | 29 |
| Agriculture and forestry | Hohenheim 17 · Göttingen 21 · TUM =43 · Bonn =54 · Freiburg =89[28] | 12 |
What this means for you: outside TUM, the strongest choice changes by subject, and several top-ranked universities charge no tuition. A strong subject rank says little about your chances, though: programmes at these universities are competitive, so keep 2–3 of them as reach options and fill the rest of your list with good matches. Use the university finder below to filter by subject and budget, and our guide to MS courses in Germany for programmes at less famous universities.
University finder: top German universities by subject, budget and application route
Find the top universities for your subject
Pick a subject to see the German universities QS ranks highest for it (2026), or "All subjects" for the 23 highest-ranked German universities in QS 2027, plus TU9 member Hannover. Filter by tuition and by how you apply.
Ranks from QS (World University Rankings 2027; Rankings by Subject 2026). "uni-assist member" means the university is on uni-assist's member list;[29] each university decides which programmes go through uni-assist, universities not on the list take applications through their own portal. Always check the programme page. Fees for new non-EU master's students.
Found a university you like? Check its programmes against your degree with our shortlist planner, or search all programmes in the free Yastudy Course Finder.
How German universities decide on master's applicants
There's no central admission. Each programme's regulations set the rules, and most look at four things.
- Subject fit (module and credit requirements)Your bachelor's must match the master's. Many programmes count credits by subject: RWTH's M.Sc. Mathematics wants at least 24 credits in analysis, 18 in linear algebra and 9 each in numerical analysis and stochastics, and limits catch-up modules to 18 credits.[2] TUM's M.Sc. Informatics asks for a bachelor's equivalent to its own informatics degree, checked with a curriculum analysis form.[30]
- Your converted gradeGerman universities convert Indian marks with the modified Bavarian formula, using the minimum passing mark of your own institution; each programme's regulations decide the official conversion.[31] Use the grade converter in our main guide.
- Ranking or aptitude assessmentWhere there are more applicants than places, many programmes rank applicants: the University of Mannheim creates "a ranking list", though "admission to some master's programs is not selective".[32] TUM's M.Sc. Informatics runs a two-stage aptitude assessment, and applicants with a bachelor's degree from India need the GRE or a GATE CS scorecard, with GRE minimums of 164 Quantitative and 4.0 Analytical Writing.[30]
- Language and documentsYour English score, plus the APS certificate, motivation letter, CV and references. See the IELTS requirements by university.
The 180 vs 210 ECTS problem (3-year Indian degrees)
A 3-year Indian bachelor's (B.Sc., B.Com., BBA, BCA) usually counts as 180 ECTS; a 4-year B.E./B.Tech as about 240. That matters because master's programmes come in two lengths:
| Master's length | Usually expects | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 4 semesters (120 ECTS) | 180 ECTS bachelor's: fine for 3-year degrees | Frankfurt UAS Global Logistics (4-semester version): "at least six semesters or at least 180 ECTS credits"[3] |
| 3 semesters (90 ECTS), often at HAWs | 210 ECTS bachelor's; 180-credit graduates may be admitted with extra credits | Frankfurt UAS Global Logistics (3-semester version): "at least 210 ECTS"; HAW Hamburg ICE: 30 extra credits for 180-credit graduates |
This is a common pattern, not a law: always read the programme's own rules.
How to build your shortlist in 7 steps
- Search programmes, not universitiesUse the DAAD International Programmes database (filter: master's, English, your field) and the Hochschulkompass, which lists only state or state-recognised universities.[33] Germany offers about 1,944 postgraduate programmes taught mainly in English.[34] If you're still choosing a field, see our guide to English-taught MS courses in Germany.
- Read the admission regulationsNot the marketing page: the "admission requirements" or examination regulations. Note required credits by subject, minimum grade, tests (GRE, GATE, dMAT) and language level.
- Match your transcript to the modulesList your subjects and credits against each programme's requirements. If you'd need more than a few catch-up modules, it's a reach at best.
- Check credits and lengthWith 180 ECTS, prioritise 4-semester programmes; with 240, you can consider both.
- Check money and cityTuition (Baden-Württemberg, TUM, FAU, private), rent and the semester contribution; our page on the cost of studying in Germany has city-by-city figures.
- Check deadlines and the routeuni-assist, VPD or the university portal, and whether the APS certificate is needed at application. See how to apply.
- Balance the list6–10 programmes: 2–3 reach, 3–4 match, 2 safe. Each uni-assist application after the first costs €30, so quality beats quantity.[35]
Shortlist planner: what mix suits your profile?
Plan your reach, match and safe mix
Answer six questions. You'll get a suggested mix of university types and the checks that matter most for your profile. It's a planning aid, not an admission prediction.
Grade bands are our counselling experience, not published cut-offs. Every programme sets its own rules.
Private universities: five checks before you pay
- State recognition. The university must be state-recognised (staatlich anerkannt). The Hochschulkompass lists only state and state-recognised universities, with filters such as "private, state-approved".[33]
- Programme accreditation. Check the programme in the Accreditation Council's ELIAS database; accreditation is decided by the council on the university's application.[36]
- Full-time, on campus. The Missions require admission to "a full-time degree programme in presence at a German university". Avoid mostly online or "hybrid" formats.[5]
- Fees before the visa. Private-university applicants must show the fee amount and proof of payment for the first year, or a substantial deposit.[5]
- German degree or foreign degree? Some private institutions award a degree from a partner university abroad. Get the awarding institution in writing.
Private universities that work with Yastudy fund our counselling, so it's free for you; we always tell you which ones those are, and public options come first whenever you're eligible.
8 shortlisting mistakes we see every intake
- Applying only to the top 10. Ten reaches and no safe options often means no offer.
- Ignoring subject requirements. A missing 20 credits of maths sinks a strong grade.
- Ignoring the 180 vs 210 ECTS rule with a 3-year degree.
- Missing a test: GRE or GATE for programmes like TUM Informatics, or the dMAT for APS.
- Choosing by city name without checking rent: Munich costs far more than Chemnitz.
- Not checking Baden-Württemberg and TUM fees.
- Trusting a private university's marketing without checking recognition, accreditation and on-campus study.
- Writing one generic motivation letter for every programme. Committees can tell.
How Yastudy builds your shortlist
A good shortlist takes a counsellor a few hours of reading admission regulations against your transcript. That's what our plans do: the Essential plan includes a shortlist of 6 programmes (reach, match and safe) and Advantage covers up to 10 applications. See our shortlist and application plans.
- Improve your options with a higher English score: IELTS coaching for the 7.0 that competitive programmes ask for.
- If your degree field needs the dMAT, prepare with our dMAT preparation course.
- Programme-specific motivation letters with our SOP service, and your APS documents checked by our APS service.
Let Yastudy do this with you: Germany master’s plans
This step is part of every Yastudy plan for public universities in Germany. Pay online and your counsellor calls you within one working day with a dated plan for APS, the dMAT, tests, applications and the visa.
Essential
For self-starters who want an expert to check every step
- Profile evaluation and grade conversion
- Shortlist of 6 programmes (reach, match, safe)
- Up to 4 university applications reviewed
- APS document check (you file, we check)
- dMAT guidance: whether you need it and how to register
- Motivation letter and CV editing (2 rounds each) and LOR guidance
- Visa file check before you submit
Advantage
Done with you: we file alongside you, with German included
- Everything in Essential, plus:
- Up to 10 university applications
- Full APS filing support
- dMAT registration help and a prep plan with practice sets
- Live German A1 course included (worth ₹14,000)
- Consular Services Portal form filled in with you, plus a mock visa interview
Premium
Two intakes, unlimited applications and support after you land
- Everything in Advantage, plus:
- Unlimited applications across 2 intakes
- Live German A1 + A2 + B1 course included (worth ₹29,500)
- 1:1 dMAT coaching
- Scholarship and education-loan application support
- Arrival support: address registration, bank account, insurance and residence-permit appointment
Secure online payment through Razorpay. All prices in ₹ per student; GST as applicable. Plan terms, including what happens if you change your mind: Terms & Conditions. Third-party fees (APS, dMAT, uni-assist, visa) are not included; see full plan details. Applying only to private universities that work with us? Counselling is free: ask about free counselling.
Best universities in Germany: 20 questions Indian students ask
Choosing universities
Which is the best university in Germany for MS?
By the QS World University Rankings 2027, the Technical University of Munich (25th), LMU Munich (61st) and Heidelberg University (86th) rank highest. But the best university for you is the one whose programme fits your degree, grade and budget.
Which is the best university in Germany for MS in computer science?
In the QS Rankings by Subject 2026, TUM is Germany's top university for computer science (26th in the world), followed by TU Berlin (=76), LMU Munich (=91), KIT (110) and RWTH Aachen (=114). TUM also leads in data science and AI.
Which is the best university in Germany for mechanical engineering?
TUM (19th in the world in QS 2026), RWTH Aachen (25th) and KIT (32nd), followed by TU Berlin (=42) and the University of Stuttgart (=68). TUM also leads electrical and civil engineering; KIT leads chemical engineering.
How many German universities are in the QS World University Rankings 2027?
60. TUM is 25th, LMU Munich 61st, Heidelberg 86th, FU Berlin =98th, RWTH Aachen 104th and KIT 110th.
Which top German universities use uni-assist?
Among the top-ranked universities, TUM, FU Berlin, HU Berlin, TU Berlin, TU Dresden, Cologne, Goethe University Frankfurt and Leibniz University Hannover are on uni-assist's member list. LMU, Heidelberg, RWTH, KIT, Bonn, Hamburg, Freiburg, Stuttgart, TU Darmstadt, Göttingen, Tübingen, FAU and Mannheim are not, so you apply through their own portals. Even at member universities, each university decides which programmes and applicants go through uni-assist, so always follow the instructions on the programme page.
How many universities should I apply to in Germany?
Usually 6–10 programmes: 2–3 reach, 3–4 match and 2 safe options. More applications cost more (each extra uni-assist application costs €30) and dilute the quality of your motivation letters.
What are the TU9 universities?
Germany's leading technical universities: RWTH Aachen, TU Berlin, TU Braunschweig, TU Darmstadt, TU Dresden, Leibniz University Hannover, KIT, TUM and the University of Stuttgart.
Is a university of applied sciences (HAW) good for MS?
Yes, especially if you want a job in Germany. HAWs are practice-oriented, with industry projects and internships, and many offer English-taught master's. They award recognised master's degrees.
Which German universities are tuition-free for Indian students?
Most public universities outside Baden-Württemberg, except TUM and, from summer 2027, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg. You still pay a semester contribution.
Are private universities in Germany good for Indian students?
Some are, if they're state-recognised, the programme is accredited, and you study full-time on campus. They charge fees (for example, SRH lists €4,900–8,100 a semester for non-EU master's), so compare against public options first.
Admission
What percentage is required for MS in Germany?
There's no national minimum. Programmes convert your marks with the modified Bavarian formula and set their own rules; competitive programmes rank applicants. Use our grade converter to see your German grade.
Can I get admission in Germany with a 3-year bachelor's degree?
Yes, for many programmes. A 3-year degree is usually 180 ECTS, which 4-semester (120 ECTS) master's generally accept. Many 3-semester master's want 210 ECTS or ask you to earn extra credits.
Is GRE required for German universities?
Not usually, but some programmes require it. TUM's M.Sc. Informatics asks applicants with a bachelor's degree from India for the GRE or a GATE CS scorecard (GRE minimum 164 Quantitative, 4.0 Analytical Writing), and RWTH's M.Sc. Mathematics asks non-EU applicants for the GRE Subject Test in mathematics.
Do German universities interview master's applicants?
Some do, as part of an aptitude assessment; TUM's Informatics assessment, for example, can include a second stage with a written test. Most programmes decide on documents.
Can I apply if my subjects don't fully match the programme?
Sometimes. Some programmes admit you with conditions to make up missing modules within a limit (RWTH Mathematics allows up to 18 credits). Large gaps usually mean rejection.
Does university ranking matter for jobs in Germany?
Less than in India. German employers look closely at your field, internships, German language and skills; a strong HAW with industry links can beat a higher-ranked university for employability.
Checks and process
How do I check if a German university is recognised?
Look it up on the Hochschulkompass, which lists only state and state-recognised universities, and check the programme's accreditation in the Accreditation Council's ELIAS database.
Where can I search all English-taught master's in Germany?
The DAAD International Programmes database and the Hochschulkompass. There are about 1,944 postgraduate programmes with English as the main language of instruction (winter 2025/26).
When should I finalise my shortlist?
About three months before your first deadline: by October–November for summer intakes and by December–January for winter intakes, so there's time for motivation letters and uni-assist processing.
Can Yastudy build my shortlist?
Yes. Our plans include a counsellor-built shortlist matched to your transcript, grade and budget. Counselling is free for private universities that fund it, and public-university plans start at ₹24,999.
About this guide
Who wrote it
The Yastudy Germany Desk: the counsellors who build shortlists for Indian master's students from our Patna, Noida and Bengaluru offices, with our team in Freising, Germany.
How we checked the facts
Checked on 12 October 2026 against QS (World University Rankings 2027 and Rankings by Subject 2026, read directly from QS), uni-assist, HRK, TU9, universities' admission pages and regulations, the Hochschulkompass, the Accreditation Council and the German Missions in India. Grade bands in the planner are our counselling experience, not published cut-offs.
When we update it
When QS 2028 is published (June 2027), and when the universities we quote change their rules or fees.
Our standards
- We name the programme behind every rule we quote.
- We never promise an admission.
- Spotted something out of date? Email admission@yastudy.com.
Get your free MS in Germany eligibility check
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Prefer to talk now? WhatsApp +91 76678 96481
Sources
All checked on 11–12 October 2026. Where a source has a publication date, it's shown.
- The PIE News (DAAD figures): Number of Indian students in Germany rises to record 70k high (69,816 in winter 2025/26) (26 Aug 2026)
- RWTH Aachen University: M.Sc. Mathematics: admission requirements (credits by subject; GRE Subject Test for non-EU applicants) (2026)
- Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences: Global Logistics M.Sc.: admission requirements (180 or 210 ECTS versions) (2026)
- HAW Hamburg: Information and Communications Engineering M.Sc. (English, 3 semesters; extra 30 CP for 180-CP graduates) (2026)
- German Missions in India: Student visa: information and requirements (16 Feb 2026)
- Technical University of Munich: Tuition fees for students from non-EU countries
- FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg: Tuition fees for students from non-EU states (from summer semester 2027) (Jul 2026)
- SRH University: Tuition fees for non-EU students (master’s €4,900–8,100 per semester; valid from 1 April 2025) (Apr 2025)
- TU9: TU9 – German universities of technology: members
- German U15: Members of German U15
- Deggendorf Institute of Technology: Studying in English: master’s programmes (2026)
- Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt: Master’s degree programmes (2026)
- QS Top Universities: QS World University Rankings 2027, filtered to Germany (60 German universities ranked) (Jun 2026)
- Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts Baden-Württemberg: Tuition fees for international students (€1,500 a semester)
- University of Stuttgart: Fees and contributions (€184 semester contribution; €1,500 tuition for non-EU students) (2026)
- QS Top Universities: QS World University Rankings by Subject 2026: Computer Science and Information Systems (Germany) (25 Mar 2026)
- QS Top Universities: QS World University Rankings by Subject 2026: Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (Germany) (25 Mar 2026)
- QS Top Universities: QS World University Rankings by Subject 2026: Engineering – Mechanical, Aeronautical and Manufacturing (Germany) (25 Mar 2026)
- QS Top Universities: QS World University Rankings by Subject 2026: Engineering – Electrical and Electronic (Germany) (25 Mar 2026)
- QS Top Universities: QS World University Rankings by Subject 2026: Engineering – Chemical (Germany) (25 Mar 2026)
- QS Top Universities: QS World University Rankings by Subject 2026: Engineering – Civil and Structural (Germany) (25 Mar 2026)
- QS Top Universities: QS World University Rankings by Subject 2026: Materials Sciences (Germany) (25 Mar 2026)
- QS Top Universities: QS World University Rankings by Subject 2026: Business and Management Studies (Germany) (25 Mar 2026)
- QS Top Universities: QS World University Rankings by Subject 2026: Economics and Econometrics (Germany) (25 Mar 2026)
- QS Top Universities: QS World University Rankings by Subject 2026: Biological Sciences (Germany) (25 Mar 2026)
- QS Top Universities: QS World University Rankings by Subject 2026: Physics and Astronomy (Germany) (25 Mar 2026)
- QS Top Universities: QS World University Rankings by Subject 2026: Environmental Sciences (Germany) (25 Mar 2026)
- QS Top Universities: QS World University Rankings by Subject 2026: Agriculture and Forestry (Germany) (25 Mar 2026)
- uni-assist: uni-assist member universities (2026)
- TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology: M.Sc. Informatics: requirements and two-stage aptitude assessment (GRE or GATE for applicants with a degree from India) (2026)
- TUM: Grade conversion formula for grades earned outside Germany (modified Bavarian formula)
- University of Mannheim: Admission to master’s programmes: ranking lists and non-selective programmes
- Hochschulkompass (HRK): Criteria for inclusion: state or state-recognised universities; approved or accredited programmes
- German Rectors’ Conference (HRK): Statistical data on study programmes, winter semester 2025/26 (2026)
- Expatrio: uni-assist 2026: fees and processing time · uni-assist (official site) (3 Sep 2026)
- Akkreditierungsrat: Accreditation system and ELIAS database of accredited programmes

